How to Maintain Commercial Skylights to Prevent Water Intrusion

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The fastest way a small skylight problem turns into a pricey repair is simple: nobody looks at it until water is already dripping onto the floor below. Skylights rarely leak because the glazing itself fails. They leak because the curb around them does: sealant that has cracked and pulled away, counterflashing that has worked loose, or a drain that nobody cleared before the leaves piled up.

Why commercial skylight maintenance can’t wait

A leaking skylight rarely announces itself where the leak actually starts. Water follows the path of least resistance along framing members, insulation, and vapor barriers before it finally shows up as a stain on a ceiling tile, sometimes ten or fifteen feet from the curb itself. By the time anyone notices, wet insulation and a soaked deck have usually been sitting there for weeks.

That lag is exactly why a scheduled walk beats a reactive one. Catching a cracked sealant joint in September is going to be a lot better than in February, after a winter of freeze thaw cycling has widened the gap, tends to mean a wet ceiling, a business interruption, and a much bigger invoice. If you need professional help to fix or replace your leaky skylight, contact us today and we’ll be able to fix your issues ASAP! 

Step 1: Start the inspection from inside

Before anyone gets on the roof, walk the building underneath every skylight. Look at the ceiling tiles, drywall, or exposed deck directly below each unit for staining, discoloration, or a soft spot. A ring shaped water stain almost always means an active or recent leak.

This step takes ten minutes and tells you exactly which skylights need the closest look. It’s also the easiest thing to skip when a facilities team is busy, which is exactly why it gets skipped, and why leaks get found late.

Step 2: Check the curb flashing and sealant

The curb, the raised frame the skylight sits on, is where almost every leak actually starts. Walk the perimeter of each unit and look for sealant that has gone chalky, cracked, or separated from either the curb or the skylight frame. Check that the counterflashing, the metal trim that laps over the membrane, is still snug and not loose.

Flashing is consistently identified as one of the most failure prone details on a low slope roof. The National Roofing Contractors Association’s guidance on roof flashing treats it as its own category of inspection for exactly this reason: it is a joint between two different materials, and joints move differently than the field of the roof around them.

Step 3: Clear the drainage path around every curb

Water that cannot drain away from a skylight curb has more time to find a way in. Clear leaves, granules, and any debris that has built up against the low side of the curb, and confirm the nearest roof drain or scupper is not blocked.

This is also the moment to look for ponding that sits well past the point where the roof should have drained. Standing water against a curb means that seal is under more pressure than it should be, for longer than it should be.

Step 4: Watch for movement from thermal cycling

Roof membranes and metal flashing expand and contract with temperature, and a skylight curb sits at the exact spot where several materials with different expansion rates all meet.That movement can make a sealant joint loose or pull counterflashing away from the fastener line, wearing down over time.

Look for hairline gaps, fasteners that have started to back out of the counterflashing, or a joint that looks slightly different from the same joint on another skylight about the same age. None of these need an emergency call on their own. Together, or left alone for another season, they add up.

Step 5: Build spring and fall walks into the schedule

Two inspections a year catches most of what matters. A spring walk tends to find whatever winter movement opened up. A fall walk confirms drains and curb bases are clear before snow and ice load the roof for months.

Both visits are also a chance to compare current photos against the last set. A joint that looked fine in the fall and looks different in the spring tells you something a single inspection never can: that something changed, and roughly when.

Step 6: Keep a written record, not a memory

A photo, a date, and a one line note for each skylight is enough. Six months from now someone can look at a joint and know if it looks the same, better, or worse than it did last time.

This habit pays off twice. It catches slow moving problems that a single visit would never see, and it gives a roofing contractor a head start.

Common mistakes that undo good maintenance

The most common mistake is not skipping maintenance entirely. It is doing a rooftop walk without ever checking underneath the skylights first, which means small leaks get missed until they show up somewhere else. The second most common mistake is treating a sealant touch up as a permanent fix rather than a stopgap, when the real issue is a flashing detail that needs to be redone properly.

A close third: assuming every skylight on a roof ages at the same rate. Orientation, shade, drainage, and foot traffic all differ from unit to unit, even on the same building. Two skylights installed on the same day can be in noticeably different condition five years later.

When it’s time to call a roofing contractor

A facilities team can handle the inspection routine above without any special tools. Sealant replacement, flashing repair, and curb re-detailing are a different category of work, and they are worth handing to a roofing contractor who does this daily, both for the workmanship and for the fall protection the job requires.

Frequently asked questions

Skylight and flat roof maintenance across Southern Ontario

Industrial Roofing Services Limited maintains, repairs, and inspects skylights and flat roof systems for commercial and institutional buildings throughout the GTA and Southern Ontario, including roofing crews serving Waterloo, Ontario and Fergus, Ontario. If it has been more than six months since anyone looked at your skylights from either side of the roof, get in touch with our team and we will build a maintenance visit around your building’s specific roof.

The post How to Maintain Commercial Skylights to Prevent Water Intrusion appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Flat roof blisters are the raised bubbles you see pushing up through the surface of a low-slope roof. Each one is a pocket where the membrane has lifted away from the layer beneath it, trapping air or moisture inside. Some sit quietly for years. Others are the first sign of a problem that will open the roof up to water, which is why it pays to know which is which before you decide to act. If a blister has you concerned, the safest first move is to have the roof looked at by a commercial roofer.

The short version: a blister on its own is not an emergency, but it is a symptom. Understanding what formed it tells you whether you are watching a cosmetic quirk or the early stage of a leak.

What a flat roof blister actually is

A flat roof is built in layers: a deck, insulation, and a waterproof membrane bonded on top. A blister forms when two of those layers lose their grip on each other and a void opens between them. Whatever is in that void, air, water vapour, or both, expands when the roof heats up and contracts when it cools. Over many cycles the trapped pocket stretches the membrane upward into the familiar dome.

The key detail is where the separation sits. A blister between plies inside the membrane behaves very differently from one sitting between the membrane and the insulation below it. The deeper the separation, the more of the roof system it can affect, and the more attention it deserves.

Main causes of blistering

Blisters rarely have a single cause. Most trace back to one of these, and often a combination:

• Trapped moisture. Water that got into the assembly during installation, through a leak, or as vapour from inside the building turns to vapour pressure when the sun heats the roof, and that pressure lifts the membrane.
• Poor adhesion. If a layer was bonded over a dusty, damp, or cold surface, the bond is weak from day one. Heat cycling then finishes the job of pulling it apart.
• Solvent or air left in the assembly. On built-up and modified bitumen roofs, gaps in the bitumen or pockets of air between plies become blisters once the roof starts to breathe with the temperature.
• Heat and sun cycling. Even a sound roof expands and contracts daily. A small weak spot becomes a blister over years of that movement, which is why older roofs show more of them.

Because moisture is so often involved, blistering tends to cluster where water collects or where the original installation was rushed. The Canadian Roofing Contractors Association publishes guidance on low-slope membrane performance through its national roofing standards and resources, and the recurring theme is that surface prep and dry conditions during install prevent most of these problems.

When a blister is serious

Here is the line that matters. A blister that is intact, dry, and stable is usually monitored rather than rushed into repair. A blister that has ruptured, sits in a pond of water, or is spreading is a different story, because the membrane is no longer doing its one job.

Watch for a few warning signs: a blister that has worn through at the top, has soft or spongy areas around it, shows staining on the ceiling below, or is sitting on a membrane seam threatening to split. Any of those means water is either getting in already or about to. A single small dome in the middle of an otherwise sound field is far less urgent than a ruptured one next to a drain.

Catching the difference is exactly what a trained eye is for. A close look across the whole roof, not just the obvious blister, is the only way to know whether the rest of the field is sound.

What to do about a blistered roof

Your response depends on what the blister is telling you, and a qualified roofer is the one to make that call. In broad strokes:

1. Leave intact blisters alone. If it is sealed and dry, the membrane is still keeping water out. Note where it is and keep an eye on it.
2. Document changes. Photograph blisters and their locations so you can tell whether they are spreading between visits. Pattern matters more than any single bubble.
3. Act on ruptured or wet blisters. These get cut out and patched, or in a cluster, the section gets rebuilt. The goal is to restore an unbroken waterproof layer.
4. Address the cause, not just the dome. If trapped moisture or standing water is feeding the blistering, fixing drainage and ventilation is what stops new ones from forming.

Standing water deserves special mention, because a roof that drains poorly will keep producing blisters no matter how many you patch. If your roof holds water 48 hours after a rain, that underlying slope problem is worth solving first, and our guide on getting water off a low-slope roof faster explains the options. Where the slope itself is the issue, our team often builds the correct fall back into the roof during a re-cover.

Frequently asked questions

Are flat roof blisters always a sign of a leak?

No. Many blisters are sealed pockets of trapped air or vapour that have not broken through the membrane, so the roof is still keeping water out. The concern is what happens over time, because every blister is a weak point that heat and foot traffic can eventually rupture. An intact, dry blister is usually monitored, while one that has split open or sits in standing water needs attention. The only reliable way to tell which you have is a proper look at the whole roof, not just the bubble.

Can I just pop or cut a blister myself?

It is strongly discouraged. Cutting a blister turns a sealed void into an open wound in your waterproof layer and invites water straight into the assembly, often making a minor issue into an active leak. Blisters also tend to be a symptom of a deeper cause like trapped moisture or poor adhesion, so removing the dome without addressing that cause solves nothing. Proper repair means cutting out the affected area and rebuilding the membrane so it is continuous again, which is work for a commercial roofer.

Why do blisters appear more on older roofs?

Every flat roof expands in the heat and contracts as it cools, and that daily movement works on any weak bond in the assembly. On a new, well-installed roof those weak spots are rare. On an older roof, years of thermal cycling have had time to find every marginal bond, every pocket of trapped air, and every spot where moisture worked in. The result is more blisters as a roof ages, which is one reason regular inspection becomes more valuable the older a roof gets.

Will fixing drainage stop blisters from coming back?

Often, yes, when standing water is the driver. Water that ponds on a roof keeps feeding moisture into the assembly and into vapour pressure under the membrane, so blisters return no matter how many you patch. Correcting the slope so the roof sheds water, whether by improving the existing drainage or building in proper fall, removes that source. It will not undo damage that is already there, but it stops the cycle that creates new blisters and protects the repairs you do make.

The post What Causes Blisters on a Flat Roof? appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

The quickest way to tell is by looking at the surface:

• Gravel embedded in the top layer? Likely a Built-Up Roof (BUR).
• Dark, smooth rolled asphalt sheets with visible seams? Probably Modified Bitumen.
• Black rubber membrane? Typically EPDM.
• White membrane with heat-welded seams? Likely TPO or PVC.
• Visible metal panels? A metal roofing system.

Each flat roofing material has specific visual clues. The only way to know for certain, however, is through a professional roof inspection where we examine the membrane, seams, flashings, insulation, and overall system.

Let’s walk through how to identify the most common flat roofing materials in Ontario, and why it matters.

Table Of Contents:
Why Is It Important?
Types Of Flat Roof Systems
Asphalt Flat Roofs
Single Ply Roofs
Metal Roofs
Still Unsure?

Why Is It Important To Know What Type Of Material Your Roof Is Made From?

Knowing your roof system isn’t just a technical detail, it directly affects:

• How repairs are performed
• What maintenance schedule you should follow
• What type of replacement system is compatible
• Warranty coverage
• Expected lifespan
• Energy performance
• How your roof handles Ontario’s freeze-thaw cycles

For example, repairing a PVC membrane is completely different from repairing a built-up asphalt roof. Using the wrong method can shorten your roof’s life or void warranties.

When we visit a site, identifying the system is always our first step before recommending any solution.

Types Of Flat Roof Systems & How To Know Which One You Have

Flat roofs in Ontario typically fall into three main categories:

1. Asphalt-based systems (BUR and Modified Bitumen)
2. Single-ply membrane systems (EPDM, TPO, PVC)
3. Metal roofing systems

Each has distinct characteristics.

Let’s break them down.

Asphalt Flat Roofs

Asphalt systems are among the oldest and most trusted flat roofing materials. They are built in layers and are typically darker in appearance.

You’ll usually find these on older commercial and industrial buildings throughout Ontario.

1. BUR Roof (Built-Up Roofing)

Often called a “tar and gravel” roof.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of BUR

• Gravel or small stones embedded on the surface
• Thick, layered appearance
• Dark asphalt beneath the aggregate
• Feels solid and heavy underfoot
• Often found on older buildings (20+ years old)

If you see loose gravel across your roof, chances are it’s a BUR system.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of BUR

BUR systems are durable because they are built with multiple plies (layers) of asphalt and reinforcing fabric.

• Lifespan: 20–30+ years with proper maintenance
• Repairs typically involve patching layers and resealing affected areas
• Gravel may need redistribution over time
• Drainage must be monitored carefully

In Ontario’s climate, ponding water and freeze-thaw cycles can stress older BUR systems.

When Is BUR Recommended

• Large commercial or industrial buildings
• Roofs with moderate foot traffic
• Owners looking for a proven, heavy-duty system

While newer membrane systems are more common today, BUR still performs reliably when properly maintained.

2. Mod-Bit Roofs (Modified Bitumen)

Modified Bitumen roofing is essentially an evolution of BUR, but more flexible and modern.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of Mod-Bit

• Smooth or slightly granulated surface
• Rolled sheet appearance
• Visible seams between membrane rolls
• Torch-applied or self-adhered installation marks
• Usually black or dark grey

Unlike BUR, it doesn’t typically have loose gravel. It looks more uniform.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of Mod-Bit

Modified Bitumen systems are reinforced with polymers (SBS or APP) to improve flexibility.

• Lifespan: Around 20 years
• Repairs are typically torch-applied patches
• Seams and flashing areas require regular inspection
• Performs well in Ontario’s temperature swings due to flexibility

We often see these on mid-aged commercial buildings across the GTA.

When is Mod-Bit Recommended

• Buildings exposed to temperature fluctuations
• Roofs requiring flexibility
• Projects where durability and repairability are priorities

Single Ply Roofs

Single-ply systems are installed in large sheets and have fewer layers than asphalt systems.

They are lightweight, efficient, and very common in modern commercial construction.

1. EPDM Roof

A synthetic rubber membrane.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of EPDM

• Black rubber appearance (sometimes white)
• Feels flexible and slightly elastic
• Seams are glued or taped
• Smooth, uniform surface

If your roof looks like a giant sheet of rubber, it’s likely EPDM.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of EPDM

EPDM roofing is known for durability and flexibility.

• Lifespan: 25-40+ years with proper care
• Repairs involve seam resealing or rubber patches
• Annual inspections recommended
• Handles freeze-thaw cycles well

EPDM is one of the most common systems we see across Ontario.

When Is EPDM Recommended

• Large commercial flat roofs
• Owners looking for long-term cost efficiency
• Roofs exposed to harsh weather

1. TPO Roof

A white thermoplastic membrane.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of TPO

• White or light-coloured membrane
• Heat-welded seams (look like clean fused lines)
• Smooth, reflective surface
• Lightweight feel

If your roof is bright white and reflective, it’s likely TPO.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of TPO

TPO seams are heat-welded, which creates strong waterproof joints.

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Seam integrity is key
• Punctures are patched using heat-welded materials
• Reflectivity improves energy efficiency

TPO roofing is common on newer commercial builds.

When Is TPO Recommended

• Buildings looking for improved energy performance
• Large open roof areas
• Modern commercial construction

1. PVC Roof

Another white single-ply membrane, but more chemically resistant.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of PVC

• White or light-coloured membrane
• Heat-welded seams (similar to TPO)
• Typically installed on restaurants or industrial buildings
• Often slightly more rigid than TPO

PVC roofing can look very similar to TPO, professional inspection is usually required to confirm.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of PVC

• Lifespan: 15–25 years
• Highly resistant to grease and chemicals
• Seam welding is critical
• Regular drainage checks prevent stress

When Is PVC Recommended

• Buildings exposed to oils, chemicals, or restaurant exhaust
• Industrial applications
• Owners prioritizing durability and fire resistance

Metal Roofs

While not a membrane system, metal is still used on some low-slope or flat-style roofs.

Tell-Tale Characteristics Of Metal Roofs

• Visible metal panels
• Raised seams or fasteners
• Can show signs of rust over time
• No membrane surface

Metal roofs are easier to identify because they are visibly metal.

Repairs, Maintenance & Lifespan of Metal Roofs

• Lifespan: 30-50+ years, depending on coating
• Repairs involve panel replacement or sealing fasteners
• Rust prevention is critical
• Expansion and contraction must be managed

When Is Metal Roofs Recommended

• Buildings seeking long-term durability
• Low-slope applications
• Industrial facilities

Still Not Sure What Your Roof Is Made Of?

Even with these visual clues, some systems look very similar, especially TPO and PVC, or older Mod-Bit and BUR systems.

The safest and most accurate way to identify your roof system is through a professional inspection.

When we visit a site at Industrial Roofing Services Limited, we:

• Examine the membrane type
• Check seam construction
• Review insulation layers
• Assess flashing details
• Identify drainage design
• Determine remaining lifespan

From there, we can explain exactly what you have, and what that means for repairs, maintenance, and long-term planning.

If you’re unsure what your flat roof is made of, book an inspection and let us walk the roof with you. We’ll identify the system and explain it clearly, just like we’ve done here.

The post How Do I Know What My Flat Roof Is Made Of? appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Table Of Contents:
Why Good Drainage Is So Important
1. Interior Drains
2. Scuppers
3. Gutters
4. Downspots
Evaluate Your Roof For The Best Drainage Solution

Why Good Drainage Is So Important For Flat Roofs

Picture this: winter rains, melting snow, and – oh yes – spring thunderstorms. If your flat roof doesn’t move water efficiently, everything slows down. Water starts to sit. Debris accumulates. The tar, caulking, and membranes begin to deteriorate. And then, voilà, your roof has become a liability, not an asset.

Poor drainage doesn’t just damage the surface, it can affect the building itself. Walls, foundations, and even insulation suffer. Ponding water adds weight (seriously, a single inch across a large commercial roof can weigh over a hundred pounds per 20 square feet). Over time, that extra load stresses the structure, sometimes leading to collapse if it’s bad enough.

So, in short? Good drainage isn’t optional. It’s survival. It keeps your roof long-lived, your property safe, and your wallet…less traumatized.

1. Interior Drains

Think of interior drains as the unsung heroes of commercial roofing. Hidden within the roof or parapet walls, these drains quietly pull water away, kind of like a rooftop vacuum. You don’t see them, but you’ll definitely notice when they’re missing or clogged.

How They Work:

Water gathers at the low points of the roof (because, yes, even flat roofs aren’t perfectly flat, they’re subtly pitched). The interior drain collects it, funnelling it into piping hidden below, safely away from walls and surfaces.

Benefits:

• Protects walls and foundations from water damage.
• Pipes are insulated naturally by the building, so freezing isn’t usually an issue.
• Customizable for aesthetics – no clunky pipes interrupting the building’s lines.

Cons:

• Installation and maintenance are pricey.
• Hard to inspect without a professional – don’t try to DIY this one.
• Even small debris can cause major clogs, so vigilance is key.

There Are 2 Types Of Interior Drainage Systems

1. Gravity Drainage System

This is the classic approach. Water flows naturally, downhill – into the interior drain, and then down through pipes to the ground. It’s reliable, simple, and works best for smaller commercial roofs (think under 150 m² per drain). The system is low-tech but effective, provided your roof is designed with positive drainage (aka a slight slope).

2. Siphonic Drainage System

Fancy a system that feels a little futuristic? That’s siphonic drainage. It doesn’t rely on slope. Instead, it creates a low-pressure vacuum inside the pipes. Water is pulled in fast, like nature got a little turbo boost. This is perfect for larger commercial buildings – warehouses, malls, airports – anywhere the sheer volume of water could otherwise overwhelm a gravity system. Fewer pipes, flatter slope, and rapid drainage, what’s not to like? Just remember, maintenance is still necessary to keep debris from blocking the high-speed flow.

When Are Interior Drains Recommended?

Interior drains are best suited for large commercial or industrial buildings with broad, flat roofs – places like warehouses, malls, or office complexes. They’re ideal when you want all drainage components hidden inside the structure, keeping exterior walls clean and uncluttered. Because they’re protected from the elements, interior drains also make sense for buildings in colder regions, where freezing could cause problems for external systems.

2. Scuppers

Scuppers are simple, yet incredibly effective. Picture them as rooftop exit doors for water – small wall openings that give trapped rain a clean escape route. Installed through the parapet walls or roof edges, they allow water to flow off the roof instead of pooling. Typically, this water is directed into a protective metal chute, downspout, or gutter system below, ensuring it’s safely carried away from the building’s foundation.

What makes scuppers so clever is their simplicity. There are no complex pipes running through the building, no hidden drains to maintain – just an open outlet that uses gravity to do the work. They’re often lined or fabricated with corrosion-resistant metals like aluminum or galvanized steel, giving them both function and a subtle architectural appeal. In many commercial buildings, scuppers are paired with leader heads or decorative spouts to control water flow and reduce splashing, combining practicality with a clean visual finish.

Benefits:

• Affordable and low-maintenance.
• Large openings rarely clog if designed correctly.
• It can add a touch of architectural flair.

Cons:

• Exposed to winter freezing, pipes and channels can freeze.
• Debris in the leader pipe can still cause problems.
• Not ideal if your roof has tight corners or minimal wall space.

When Are Scuppers Recommended?

Scuppers shine on commercial buildings with a moderate slope or smaller footprint roofs. They’re best when you want a low-cost, simple, and durable solution – but not on massive flat expanses where water volume could overwhelm them.

3. Gutters

Sure, gutters are more common on residential homes, but that doesn’t mean they’re off-limits for commercial use. On smaller buildings with short roof spans or mild slopes toward the edges, gutters can actually do a fine job managing runoff.

They’re typically mounted along the roof perimeter, collecting water as it sheets off the membrane surface and channelling it into downspouts. Simple, visible, and easy to maintain.

The catch (pun intended) is that gutters depend on gravity and open exposure, so they’re not ideal for large flat roofs that collect vast volumes of water in heavy storms. Still, for low-rise retail units, small offices, or older brick buildings that already have architectural eaves, gutters can be a practical and budget-friendly drainage option, nothing fancy, but dependable if kept clean.

Benefits:

• Cost-effective and widely available.
• Protects walls, windows, and foundations.
• Can handle some debris and even clean themselves a little with rainfall.

Cons:

• Open to the elements, leaves and twigs can jam them.
• Must be regularly maintained, especially in the fall.
• Susceptible to ice and cracking in winter.

When Are Gutters Recommended?

Flat roofs with a slight edge slope can benefit from gutters, especially when paired with downspouts and properly sized openings. They’re excellent for smaller commercial properties or buildings where aesthetics matter.

4. Downspouts

Downspouts are the unsung sidekicks to gutters and scuppers, the vertical exit route that actually gets the water off your building. Once the runoff hits the roof edge, it needs somewhere to go, and that’s where downspouts take over, carrying water safely from the roof to ground level or into a stormwater system.

In most commercial applications, these are rigid aluminum or galvanized steel pipes strapped to the exterior walls. You’ll see them often on smaller commercial plazas, schools, and older flat-roofed structures where interior drainage isn’t worth the cost or complexity.

Functionally, they’re simple. But the trick is in quantity and sizing: too few, and they’ll overflow in a heavy downpour; too small, and they’ll clog faster than you can say “spring thaw.” Despite their simplicity, a well-placed downspout system can mean the difference between a dry façade and years of water staining or brick spalling.

Benefits:

• Prevents exterior wall damage and mould growth.
• Keeps foundations dry.
• Cost-effective and easy to install on most commercial buildings.

Cons:

• It can clog if not maintained.
• May need multiple downspouts for larger roofs.
• Exterior placement exposes them to freezing and impact damage.

When Are Downspouts Recommended?

Downspouts are best for commercial buildings of all sizes, but work particularly well when combined with gutters or scuppers for a complete edge-drain solution.

How To Evaluate Your Roof To Decide On The Best Drainage Solution For You

Step One:

Don’t climb up there yourself. Seriously. Safety first – Ontario winters, slippery membranes, and steep parapets are no joke.

Step Two:

Call the pros. We recommend our licensed team at Industrial Roofing Services Limited to conduct a thorough roof inspection. Not only do we ensure your safety, but we also evaluate slope, ponding issues, membrane condition, and potential drainage paths.

Step Three:

Assess the roof’s specifics. Things to look for:

Low spots where water collects (ponding areas).

Existing drains or scuppers and their condition.

Debris accumulation and potential clog points.

Roof slope and size – large commercial roofs may require siphonic systems.

Step Four:

Match drainage solutions to your roof. Based on the inspection, you’ll decide: interior drains, scuppers, gutters, downspouts, or a combination. Larger footprints? Consider siphonic drains. Tight edges? Scuppers or gutters may be best.

Step Five:

Schedule maintenance plans. Drainage systems aren’t “set it and forget it.” Debris, leaves, and seasonal changes mean regular inspections and cleaning are non-negotiable.

And remember, while DIY can be tempting, a professional inspection isn’t just a recommendation, it’s a critical step to avoid expensive water damage, structural stress, and headaches down the line.

Industrial Roofing Services Limited has been keeping Toronto, GTA and Southern Ontario roofs high and dry for over 45 years. From flat roof replacement to emergency leak services, our licensed, insured team ensures your drainage systems are installed correctly and maintained efficiently – saving you money, time, and stress.

Call us today at (905) 760-0735 to book a FREE consultation or inspection. Let’s keep your roof doing what it does best: protecting your building.

The post How To Improve Flat Roof Drainage appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

With so many options available, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. The reality is, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. The best roofing system is the one that fits your property’s unique needs, your budget, environmental factors, and local regulations.

At Industrial Roofing Services Limited (IRSL), we’ve spent over 45 years helping Ontario property owners make smart, informed decisions about their roofs. This guide will walk you through the most popular commercial flat roofing systems and help you evaluate which is right for your building.

Table Of Contents:
Built-Up Roof (BUR) Systems
Modified Bitumen (Mod Bit) Systems
TPO Roofing
EPDM Roofing
PVC Roofing
Ontario Building Code Considerations
Tips To Choose The Right System For You

Built-Up Roof (BUR) Systems

What are BUR systems?

Built-Up Roofing (BUR), often known as “tar and gravel,” has been a reliable roofing solution for decades. These systems are built directly on-site by alternating layers of bitumen (asphalt or coal tar) with reinforcing fabrics like fibreglass or organic felts. The result is a tough, multi-layered membrane finished with gravel or a mineral-coated cap sheet to shield against UV rays. Today’s BUR systems sometimes use cold-applied adhesives, cutting down on fumes and simplifying installation.

Pros

• Time-Tested Strength: BUR roofs have a proven track record, often lasting 20–30 years or more with the right upkeep. The layered design offers redundancy, so if one layer fails, others provide backup protection.
• Excellent Waterproofing: Multiple layers of bitumen create a solid barrier that stands up well against water infiltration.
• Strong Fire Resistance: Especially when finished with gravel and coal tar pitch, BUR systems are a top choice where fire codes are strict.
• Good Insulation: Their dense makeup and integration with insulation help regulate indoor temperatures, potentially lowering energy costs.
• Tough Surface: BUR holds up well against foot traffic and rooftop equipment thanks to its weight and thickness.

Cons

• Heavy Load: The system is quite heavy, which might mean your building needs extra structural support.
• Complex Installation: Hot-applied BUR can be labour-intensive and produces fumes, requiring proper ventilation.
• Time-Consuming: Building up multiple layers takes longer than applying a single-ply system.
• Repair Work: Repairs can be trickier due to the layered design.

When To Choose BUR

This system is ideal for larger commercial or industrial buildings where durability and fire resistance are top priorities.

• Industrial sites that need protection from rooftop machinery or chemical exposure.
• High-traffic roofs where frequent access is necessary.
• Buildings with strict fire codes.
• Cold climate properties, where its thermal properties shine.

Modified Bitumen (Mod Bit) Systems

What are Mod Bit systems?

Modified Bitumen is an evolution of BUR, combining asphalt with polymers for enhanced performance. These pre-manufactured rolls are laid in one or two layers and can be torch-applied, cold-applied, or self-adhered. SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene) adds rubber-like flexibility, while APP (Atactic Polypropylene) adds plastic-like rigidity and UV resistance. Hybrid products combining both polymers offer broad performance benefits.

Pros

• Flexible & Durable: The added polymers help Mod Bit stand up to temperature swings without cracking.
• Reliable Waterproofing: Maintains excellent water resistance, even with fewer layers.
• UV Protection: Granulated surfaces help resist sun damage.
• Resists Damage: Reinforced layers handle moderate foot traffic well.
• Easy Maintenance: Patching is typically quick and effective.
• Install Options: Choose from torch, cold adhesive, or self-adhered, depending on your site’s needs.

Cons

• Installation Odour: Torch application can produce strong smells.
• Colour Limitations: Mostly offered in darker shades.
• Shorter Lifespan: Typically lasts 20–25 years – still strong, but slightly less than BUR.

When To Choose Mod Bit

A flexible option for buildings with flat or low-slope roofs, especially where installation speed and versatility matter.

• Retail or strip plazas, where appearance and performance both count.
• Smaller commercial properties, where ease of installation is key.
• Roofs with light to moderate traffic.

TPO Roofing

What are TPO systems?

Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) is a single-ply roofing material known for being lightweight, cost-effective, and energy-efficient. It combines polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber into flexible sheets, typically white or light-colored, which are welded at the seams using hot air. This technique creates exceptionally strong and watertight seams. Modern versions incorporate nanotechnology and improved formulations for extra durability.

Pros

• Energy Efficient: Its reflective surface keeps buildings cooler in summer.
• Durable & Flexible: TPO resists punctures, UV damage, and chemicals.
• Lightweight: Great for retrofits that can’t handle extra weight.
• Quick Installation: Large rolls and clean application speed up projects.
• Cost Savings: Lower upfront and operating costs.
• Eco-Friendly: Many TPO products are recyclable.

Cons

• Seam Issues (in the past): Older formulations had seam problems, though modern TPO has addressed this.
• Puncture Risk: Being single-ply, it’s more prone to damage if unprotected.
• Installer Skill Required: Proper seam welding demands experience.

When To Choose TPO

An increasingly popular choice for buildings seeking energy efficiency and a clean, modern roof surface.

• Office buildings, where energy costs matter.
• Warehouses and logistics centers that need fast, large-scale installation.
• Green buildings seeking LEED points.
• Low-maintenance properties, where a simple solution is best.

EPDM Roofing

What are EPDM systems?

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is a synthetic rubber membrane popular for low-slope roofs. Available in black or white, it’s flexible, durable, and cost-effective. EPDM roof installations can be done mechanically, fully adhered, or ballasted. Seams are sealed with adhesives or specialized tapes. Modern products have improved thickness and seam strength for better resilience.

Pros

• Extremely Durable: Often lasts 30+ years with proper care.
• Cost-Effective: Among the most affordable roofing options.
• Handles Ontario Winters: Stays flexible in freezing temps.
• Simple Repairs: Easy to patch with kits or adhesives.
• Lightweight: Minimizes structural impact.
• Quick Install: Large sheets reduce labour time.

Cons

• Heat Absorption: Black EPDM absorbs heat (can be a benefit in winter).
• Puncture Risk: Sharp tools or heavy foot traffic can damage it.
• Seam Dependence: Adhesive-sealed seams require experienced installers.

When To Choose EPDM Roofing

A dependable, budget-friendly option for properties that value longevity and ease of upkeep.

• Industrial sites or warehouses, focused on function over form.
• Harsh weather zones, where freeze-thaw cycles are common.
• Low-maintenance buildings, where simple repairs are a plus.
• Back-of-house properties, where appearance isn’t a top concern.

PVC Roofing

What are PVC systems?

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is another single-ply membrane, known for its strength and resistance to chemicals, grease, and fire. Like TPO, it uses hot-air welded seams, but it’s often reinforced with scrims for added toughness. It’s commonly installed on buildings with chemical exposure or frequent rooftop activity.

Pros

• Chemical Resistance: Unmatched in its category, ideal for food and manufacturing environments.
• Top-Tier Fire Safety: Flame-retardant and self-extinguishing.
• Long Lifespan: Reinforced seams and durable material last 20–30 years.
• Energy Efficient: Light-colored surfaces reflect heat.
• Watertight Seams: Welded seams outperform adhesive alternatives.
• Handles Traffic: Great for busy rooftops with equipment or foot access.

Cons

• More Expensive: Higher material and labour costs.
• Can Be Heavier: Especially thicker, reinforced versions.
• Installation-Sensitive: Demands skilled installers with proper equipment.

When To Choose PVC Roofing

A premium system for demanding environments.

• Restaurants and kitchens, with grease-exposed exhausts.
• Chemical plants with exposure risks.
• Fire-sensitive buildings.
• Energy-conscious designs.
• Busy rooftops, with frequent activity or heavy equipment.

Ontario Building Code Considerations

Any roofing project in Ontario must follow the Ontario Building Code (OBC), which covers safety, energy efficiency, and more. Here’s what to watch for:

• Structural Requirements: Your roof must bear snow, wind, and seismic loads. BUR’s weight may need a structural assessment.
• Fire Ratings: Roofing materials must meet fire code based on your building’s use. PVC and some BUR systems offer top fire resistance.
• Energy Rules: The OBC mandates insulation and airtightness. Good roofing helps with compliance and lowers bills.
• Ventilation: Essential for moisture control and roof health.
• Permits & Inspections: Major projects need municipal permits and regular inspections. A contractor familiar with OBC ensures everything checks out.

Tips To Choose The Right System For You

Here’s a quick checklist to help decide which system fits your property:

1. Assess Building Use: Is it industrial, retail, or office space? Consider indoor activities, rooftop needs, and exposure to chemicals.
2. Evaluate Structure: Is your roof truly flat or low-slope? Can it support a heavier system like BUR?
3. Foot Traffic: Will maintenance teams regularly access it? Choose more puncture-resistant materials like PVC or Mod Bit.
4. Think About Climate: Ontario’s winters, summers, and storms require a flexible, weather-tough system.
5. Energy Goals: Want lower cooling bills? Go for reflective TPO or PVC. Don’t forget proper insulation.
6. Lifespan & Maintenance: Choose a system that matches your budget and appetite for upkeep.
7. Budget Realistically: Weigh both upfront and lifetime costs, including maintenance and energy savings.
8. Understand Warranties: Know what’s covered by material and labour warranties.
9. Hire the Right Partner: Choose an experienced commercial roofer like IRSL – licensed, insured, and WSIB-certified.

Your roof is a long-term investment, and choosing the right system means protecting your property for decades. While this guide gives you a strong foundation, working with an expert ensures you get a tailored solution that meets all regulations and performance goals.

At Industrial Roofing Services Limited, we’ve spent over four decades helping property owners across Ontario choose, install, and maintain their roofing systems. Our team is bonded, insured, safety-certified, and available 24/7. Whether you need installation, emergency repairs, or regular inspections, we’ve got you covered.

Get in touch today for a personalized consultation and detailed quote. Let’s build a better roof together.

The post What Is The Best Roofing System For Commercial Buildings? appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Table Of Contents:
What’s The Ideal Slope For A Flat Roof?
How To Slope a Flat Roof
1. Tapered Insulation
2. Structural Slope
3. Lightweight Insulating Concrete
4. Pavers or Tapered Roof Decking Systems
Factors To Consider When Designing A Flat Roof Slope
Benefits Of Sloping Your Flat Roof
Considerations Before You Add a Slope

What’s The Ideal Slope For A Flat Roof?

Industry standards and building codes recommend a minimum slope of ¼ inch per foot (that’s roughly a 2% slope or between 1 and 10 degrees). This gentle pitch isn’t noticeable to the naked eye but is essential to push water toward drains, gutters, or scuppers.

Appropriate Roofing Systems for Sloped Flat Roofs:

Flat roofs are often called low-slope roofs and can be covered with materials like:

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
• EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)
• TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin)
• BUR (Built-Up Roofing)
• Modified Bitumen (MBR)

Each roofing material interacts differently with slopes and drainage, so slope design can influence the best choice of roofing system.

Building Codes and Regulations:

The International Building Code (IBC) requires that low-slope roofs have a minimum design slope of ¼ inch per foot. When replacing a roof, exceptions exist if positive drainage is maintained, meaning water does not pond but flows off properly. Ensuring positive drainage is crucial not only for code compliance but also to protect your roof’s warranty and longevity.

How To Slope a Flat Roof

There are several methods to add a slope to flat roofs, but the most effective and commonly used, especially for commercial buildings, is tapered insulation. Here’s an overview of each option:

1. Tapered Insulation (Our Expert Recommendation)

This involves installing rigid foam insulation panels that gradually increase in thickness, creating a slope to direct water toward drains. It’s the preferred solution because it can be designed precisely to meet code, adds insulation value (R-value), and works well on both new roofs and replacements.

Pros:

• Cost-effective over the long term
• Provides both slope and thermal insulation
• Customizable slopes and thickness
• Extends roof lifespan by eliminating ponding

Cons:

• Requires expert design and installation
• Initial material cost can be higher than some alternatives

Best for:

Most commercial flat roofs, especially when reroofing or when the existing deck slope is inadequate.

2. Structural Slope (Sloping the Roof Deck)

This method involves physically building the roof deck with a slope during the initial construction or a major renovation. Essentially, the framing or substrate underneath the roof membrane is designed with a built-in incline to direct water toward drains or edges.

Pros:

• Creates a permanent, built-in slope
• Eliminates the need for additional tapered insulation

Cons:

• Often expensive and complex
• Not practical for existing buildings without major structural work

Best for:

New construction or full roof replacements where budget allows structural adjustments.

3. Lightweight Insulating Concrete

Also called “lightweight insulating fill,” this is a poured material applied over the existing roof deck to create a slope. It’s a cement-like product mixed with lightweight aggregates to reduce weight but still provide insulation and slope.

Pros:

• Durable, seamless slope creation
• Can conform to complex roof geometries

Cons:

• Heavy, adding load to the structure
• More expensive and labour-intensive than tapered insulation

Best for:

Specific retrofit projects where insulation and slope must be combined with structural capacity.

4. Pavers or Tapered Roof Decking Systems

In some cases, especially on concrete roof decks, pavers (large concrete or stone tiles) or specialized tapered decking systems are installed with a slight incline. These surface materials are laid so that one edge is slightly higher, helping water flow toward drains or scuppers.

Pros:

• Can add slope without removing the existing roof membrane

Cons:

• Limited slope capability
• Often a temporary or partial solution

Best for:

Concrete roof decks needing minor slope adjustments.

Factors To Consider When Designing A Flat Roof Slope

Designing the right slope for your flat roof isn’t just about adding incline – several key factors must be considered to ensure the system performs well over time:

1. Roofing Material Compatibility: Different membranes and roofing systems work better with specific slopes and insulation types.
2. Building Codes & Warranties: Adhering to local codes (like IBC) and manufacturer warranty requirements for slope and drainage is critical.
3. Existing Roof Condition: The current roofs shape, slope, and structural capacity impact how much slope you can add.
4. Drain Location & Number: Position and number of drains influence how the slope should be distributed. For example, a four-way tapered system slopes water from all directions toward a central drain, ideal for square roofs. Two-way systems suit rectangular roofs.
5. Roof Accessories: Installing skylights, vents, pipes, and HVAC units affect water flow and may require “crickets” (small slopes diverting water around obstacles).
6. Climate Considerations: Roofs in snowy or rainy regions benefit from steeper slopes (within flat roof limits) to shed moisture effectively.
7. R-Value Requirements: Insulation needs must be balanced with slope, ensuring adequate thermal resistance without sacrificing drainage.
8. Structural Limitations: The Thickness of tapered insulation affects roof edge details and flashing heights – these must be designed accordingly.

In some cases, if positive drainage is achieved and building codes allow, certain factors like slope thickness might be adjusted, but these decisions should always involve a roofing professional.

Benefits Of Sloping Your Flat Roof

Adding proper slope to your flat roof offers many advantages:

• Prevents Ponding Water: Standing water accelerates roof deterioration, promotes leaks, and invites mould and algae growth.
• Extends Roof Life: Improved drainage reduces wear and tear, keeping your roof performing longer and reduces the required repairs for flat roofs.
• Maintains Warranty Compliance: Most roofing manufacturers require positive drainage to keep warranties valid.
• Improves Energy Efficiency: When combined with tapered insulation, slopes can enhance the roof’s thermal resistance.
• Protects Building Structure: Water intrusion can damage structural elements; proper drainage safeguards your investment.
• Reduces Maintenance Costs: By preventing water damage, sloped roofs typically need fewer repairs and less frequent replacement.
• Complies with Building Codes: Ensures your roof meets legal and insurance requirements, avoiding costly fines or claims issues.

Considerations Before You Add a Slope

While the benefits are clear, there are a few things to weigh before adding slope to a flat roof:

• Cost: Initial installation of tapered insulation or structural slope adjustments can be costly, but often pays off over time.
• Roof Edge and Flashing Adjustments: Increased insulation thickness may require modifications to parapets, flashings, and roof edge details.
• Weight Load: Adding materials like tapered insulation or concrete adds weight; structural assessment is necessary.
• Design Complexity: Achieving the right slope requires expert planning, especially around drains and rooftop equipment.
• Value Engineering Risks: Cutting corners on slope design or insulation thickness to save money can cause premature roof failure and void warranties.
• Timeline: Roof slope modifications may extend the roofing project timeline, particularly if structural work is involved.

Don’t wait for ponding water to cause costly damage or void your roof warranty. Our team of flat roofing experts specializes in designing and installing tapered insulation systems tailored to your building’s unique needs. Whether you’re planning a new roof or a replacement, we’ll ensure your roof drains properly, meets code, and stands the test of time.

Contact us today for a free roof inspection and expert consultation! Let’s work together to keep your building dry, energy-efficient, and protected for years to come.

The post How To Slope a Flat Roof (From The Experts) appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Spring has sprung, and while many of us are thinking about fresh starts and sunny days ahead, commercial property owners should also be thinking about… you guessed it –  booking spring flat roof maintenance services. After a long Canadian winter, your flat roof has likely taken a beating from snow, ice, freeze-thaw cycles, and stormy weather.

Whether you’re managing a commercial building, warehouse, or retail space, this guide will walk you through the must-do maintenance tasks and why they are so important. Let’s dive in.

What Is Included In Professional Roofing Maintenance Services?

1. Membrane Flashing Seam Inspection

Flashings are some of the most vulnerable parts of any flat roofing system. Seams can peel, split, or lift, especially after a freeze-thaw cycle, and water can easily infiltrate these weak points.

How We Do It

We carefully inspect all perimeter flashings, curbs, and penetrations for signs of blistering, cracking, ridging, or separation from the membrane. We also check for open laps or signs of delamination in adhered systems, which can compromise waterproofing.

Why?

If problems are caught early, they can often be repaired with minimal disruption. Left unchecked, they can lead to insulation saturation, interior leaks, and costly replacements.

2. Drain & Scupper Cleaning

Even if you’ve already removed leaves or debris from the surface, internal drain bodies, strainers, and downpipes often hold hidden buildup.

How We Do It

Our team flushes and inspects all drains and scuppers, checking for blockages, proper slope, and signs of wear around drain boots. We’ll let you know if any components need to be repaired or upgraded to keep your drainage system flowing reliably.

Why?

Water that can’t drain properly leads to ponding, which not only shortens membrane life but also increases structural load – particularly dangerous on older buildings.

3. Sheet Metal Flashing Check

Metal flashings (often found at roof edges, wall transitions, or around equipment curbs) are your first line of defense against water intrusion, but they degrade over time due to UV exposure, freeze-thaw expansion, and sealant fatigue.

How We Do It

We inspect these flashings for looseness, corrosion, rust, or failed caulking. Where necessary, we clean and reseal joints using commercial-grade sealants that withstand weather extremes.

Why?

This prevents water from entering behind the membrane and causing hidden structural damage.

4. Skylight & HVAC Unit Assessment

Any penetration through the roof – like skylights, vents, or rooftop HVAC units – is a potential entry point for water. We thoroughly check the base flashings, counter flashings, fasteners, and seals around each unit.

How We Do It

We look for signs of cracking, dry rot, UV deterioration, and movement from vibration or snow shifting. We’ll also inspect any pitch pans, mechanical curbs, and pipe supports for damage or separation.

Why?

If units are not properly supported, they can compress the roof membrane over time, causing leaks – this is something our trained techs are specifically looking for.

5. Thorough Debris Removal

It’s not just about clearing debris, it’s about knowing where debris tends to collect and understanding how it affects water flow and roof performance.

How We Do It

We remove all organic and inorganic material from the roof surface, drains, corners, and around rooftop units and dispose of it off-site.

Why?

This step is critical for preventing moss, mould, and algae growth, especially in shaded areas or low spots where water tends to collect.

6. Detailed Maintenance Report

Transparency is a big part of how we work. After every spring maintenance visit, we provide a detailed inspection report that includes:

• Photos of key areas
• A summary of the work performed
• Identified deficiencies or emerging issues
• Repair recommendations (if needed)
• A recommended maintenance date for the fall

This report becomes part of your roof’s health record, which is not only helpful for planning repairs but can also be used to support warranty claims and insurance documentation if needed.

Bonus: Warranty & Insurance Compliance

Most commercial roofing warranties from major manufacturers like Firestone, Carlisle, or Soprema require regular maintenance to stay valid. Skipping professional inspections can void your coverage, leaving you on the hook for major repair or replacement costs.

Our spring maintenance program is designed to meet those requirements. In fact, many of our clients keep us on a bi-annual schedule (spring and fall) to ensure they remain compliant and avoid warranty disputes.

Why Is Spring Maintenance So Important?

You might be wondering, “Can’t I just wait until something goes wrong?” The short answer: you could, but it’s going to cost you.

1. Winter Can Be Brutal On Your Roof

Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures can cause:

• Membrane shrinkage and cracking
• Ice damming around drains and edges
• Heavy loads on the structure
• Hidden water infiltration

Spring is the best time to uncover and repair winter damage before spring rains add water to the equation.

2. Catch Small Repairs Before They Grow

A small seam opening or clogged drain might not seem like a big deal – until it leads to:

• Interior leaks and tenant complaints
• Mould growth
• Structural damage
• Emergency repair bills

Routine spring maintenance gives you peace of mind, saves you money, and can add years to your roof’s lifespan.

Want to extend your roof’s life, avoid surprise repair bills, and stay covered under warranty? Book online today or give us a call – we’re here to help.

The post Spring Roofing Tips For Commercial Buildings appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Table Of Contents:
Recommendations for Winter Installations
Winter Roofing Installation Techniques

Recommendations for Winter Roofing Installations

Replacing or installing flat roofs in the Ontario winter needs to be planned carefully and requires special techniques to overcome problems associated with low temperatures and icy conditions. Here are a few key suggestions:

Select the Right Materials

Choose roofing materials that support cold temperatures such as Modified Bitumen, TPO, or PVC. EPDM can also be installed at lower temperatures, however it is not recommended at below freezing temperatures. Each of these will remain flexible and resilient enough to resist extremely cold temperatures.

Storage and Handling

• Store adhesives, membranes, and primers in warm areas to keep their effectiveness. Cold adhesives can lose viscosity, which may make application difficult or inconsistent.
• Roofing membranes should be allowed to relax at room temperature for several hours before installation to increase flexibility and reduce the possibility of cracking.
• Keep materials out of direct exposure to snow or moisture, which can compromise their performance.

Prepare the Surface

• Clean the snow, ice, and debris from the roof surface, using non-abrasive tools that will not further damage the substrate. For good adhesion, the surface should be dry and clean.
• Check the substrate to ensure it is dry and does not have any residual water. Water that remains can freeze and cause bonding problems or material failure.
• If necessary, warm the roof surface with thermal blankets or heaters to achieve favorable conditions for the adhesive application.

Adjust Installation Techniques

• Use heat welding for thermoplastic membranes, such as TPO and PVC, adjusting the welding temperature and speed to accommodate colder conditions. Test the welds to make sure seams are tight and secure.
• Hand-seal Modified Bitumen seams carefully to ensure thorough adhesion and protection against leaks.
• Additional time must be allowed for curing of adhesives since most chemical reactions take longer in cold weather. Don’t rush this process to ensure high quality results.

Safety First

• Provide insulated footwear, gloves, and cold-weather clothing to workers to maintain safety and comfort on the job site.
• Install temporary safety railings around the roof perimeter and ensure all workers connected via harnesses to prevent accidents on icy surfaces.
• Schedule work during daylight hours whenever possible to maximize visibility while minimizing exposure to extreme cold.

Work with Experienced Professionals

• Winter roofing requires specialized skills and expertise. Partner with experienced contractors, such as Industrial Roofing, who know how to adjust techniques and materials for cold weather conditions.

Winter Roofing Installation Techniques

Each roofing system has unique characteristics that affect its performance and installation during winter. Below, we’ll examine Modified Bitumen, EPDM, and TPO/PVC systems in detail:

Modified Bitumen

Modified Bitumen is one of the best options for flat roofs in Ontario’s winters, it remains flexible and durable in freezing conditions.

Installation Tips:

• Minimum installation temperature: -10°C (with proper precautions).
• Use a torch-applied or self-adhesive system, since cold-applied adhesives may take more time to cure in low temperatures.
• Hand-seal seams for maximum adhesion and leak prevention.

Advantages:

• Excellent durability and weather resistance
• Flexibility at low temperatures will reduce the chance of cracking.
• Capable of withstanding snow loads and freeze-thaw cycles without deterioration.

Disadvantages:

• Requires trained installers to ensure proper bonding in freezing temperatures.
• Torch-applied systems must be handled carefully to avoid safety risks in icy environments.

EPDM

EPDM roofing systems work well in moderate winter conditions but are less ideal in extreme cold.

Installation Tips:

• Minimum installation temperature: 5°C.
• Use specially formulated adhesives designed for cold weather to maintain bond strength.
• Ensure all primers and membranes are warmed before application.
• Avoid prolonged exposure of adhesives and membranes to sub-zero temperatures before installation.

Advantages:

• Retains flexibility in moderate freezing temperatures.
• Resistant to snow, ice, and moisture accumulation.
• Long lifespan, and it also shows very excellent resistance to UV, making it suitable to work in various climatic conditions.

Disadvantages:

• Adhesives may not cure properly in extremely cold temperatures, limiting effectiveness in harsher Ontario winters.
• Not recommended for harsh below-zero installation without taking proper precautionary measures.

TPO & PVC

Thermoplastic systems systems such as TPO roofing and PVC systems can be installed during colder weather but require careful handling.

Installation Tips:

• Minimum Installation Temperature: -5°C.
• Weld seams using hot-air welding, adjusting temperature and speed accordingly for cold weather. Monitor consistently to ensure welds are consistent in size.
• Perform test welds to ensure strong seams and proper adhesion under cold conditions.
• Store adhesives and membranes in warm areas prior to application.
• Water-based adhesives must not be applied under freezing conditions since they will freeze and never cure.

Advantages:

• Excellent chemical resistance, UV resistance, and extreme temperature tolerance.
• Ideal for snowy winters, as their smooth surface sheds snow effectively.
• Reflective properties reduce heat loss, hence improving energy efficiency during the winter months.

Challenges:

• Welding and adhesive curing take more care and time in cold weather, requiring skilled installers.
• Cold temperatures can make membranes stiffer and harder to handle during installation.

While winter does present some unique challenges for flat roof installations, they are entirely manageable with the right approach.

Industrial Roofing is known for undertaking roofing projects in winters, offering professional installation services for a range of roofing systems across Ontario. Contact us today to discuss your winter roofing needs and ensure your property is protected year-round.

The post Can You Replace or Install New Flat Roofs in Winter? appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

When planning a repair or replacement for your flat roof, one common question property owners ask is whether a permit is necessary. The answer depends on the scope and specifics of your project. While minor repairs might not require permits, structural changes, insulation upgrades, or work on heritage buildings often do.

In this detailed guide, we’ll explore the circumstances in which permits are required, projects that may not need permits, and the common code requirements for commercial flat roof replacements. Use this guide to navigate the permitting process and ensure compliance with Ontario regulations.

When Do You Need A Permit For Flat Roofing Projects?

Permits are legal requirements designed to ensure roofing projects comply with local safety, zoning, and building codes. They protect property owners, workers, and the surrounding community by upholding structural integrity and safety standards. Whether or not you need a permit will depend on factors such as the type of work being performed, changes to the structure, and the location of the property.

Permit Required for Flat Roofing Projects

Certain flat roof projects require permits, especially when they involve structural changes, safety modifications, or new installations. Below is a list of scenarios where a permit is typically required for commercial flat roofs:

• Replacing Flat Roofs with New Materials: Replacing the flat roof with a new roofing structure or roofing materials.
• Structural Changes: Modifying the roofline, increasing roof slope, or raising the height of a roof for additional storage or mechanical units.
• Insulation Upgrades: Increasing insulation thickness or replacing insulation to meet modern energy efficiency requirements, particularly if it alters roof height.
• Installing Drainage Systems: Adding or modifying internal drains, scuppers, or emergency overflows.
• Wind Uplift Resistance Enhancements: Strengthening the roof system to meet Ontario Building Code (OBC) wind uplift standards.
• Installing Safety Systems: Adding guardrails, fall protection, or roof access modifications to comply with workplace safety regulations.
• Heritage Buildings: Any work visible from the street or affecting designated heritage properties (explored further below).

Permit NOT Required for Flat Roofing Projects

For some flat roof work, a permit may not be necessary. Here are examples of commercial flat roof projects that generally do not require permits:

• Replacing Flat Roofs with Similar Materials: Replacing a flat roof with the same roofing structure and membrane (e.g., EPDM for EPDM).
• Roof Restoration: Applying protective coatings or replacing roofing membranes without altering the structure.
• Routine Maintenance & Repairs: Fixing minor leaks, replacing small sections of a membrane, or repairing damage from wear and tear.

Heritage Building Permit Requirements

For heritage properties, obtaining a permit is often mandatory. Here’s why and when:

Why? Heritage permits ensure that alterations preserve a designated property’s historical and aesthetic value. The City of Toronto’s Heritage Preservation Services regulates these permits to protect community heritage.

When? Any exterior work visible from the street, such as roofing, siding, or structural modifications, requires a heritage permit.

It is essential to consult with your local Heritage Preservation Services office before starting work on a heritage property to avoid delays or legal penalties.

Building Code Requirements for a Commercial Flat Roof Replacement

To comply with the Ontario Building Code and ensure long-term roof performance, flat roof replacements must meet specific code requirements:

Building Permit

A building permit is required if the project involves structural modifications, such as raising the roof height, repairing the deck, or installing new drainage systems.

Roof Structure

Any increase in dead load (e.g., heavier materials or overlays) necessitates a structural analysis to ensure the roof can support the added weight. Metal roof decks, in particular, require careful assessment for ballasted systems.

Insulation

Roof insulation should meet or exceed existing performance levels. R-value and RSI value standards apply, and increasing insulation thickness may require adjustments to parapets, thresholds, and equipment mounts.

Wind Uplift Resistance

Flat roofs must withstand wind uplift pressures defined by the OBC. Building height, location, and roof area influence these requirements. Roof assemblies should be tested to CSA A123.21 standards.

Drainage

The OBC mandates sufficient drainage systems, including internal drains or scuppers. For roofs with parapets over 150mm, emergency overflow systems are recommended to prevent pooling and structural damage.

Fire Safety

Roof assemblies must have a fire rating of Class A, B, or C based on CAN/ULC-S107 testing. Modifications to roof components must preserve the assembly’s original fire classification.

Safety Systems

Installing roof safety measures, such as guardrails or protective barriers, is required when mechanical equipment is near edges or when roof access involves fall risks. These systems must adhere to the Occupational Health and Safety Act.

At Industrial Roofing Services Limited, we specialize in commercial flat roofing solutions across Ontario. With over 45 years of experience, our skilled team is well-versed in building codes, permitting processes, and advanced roofing technologies. Whether you need an inspection, repair, or full replacement, we’ll guide you through every step to ensure compliance and peace of mind.

For a free roofing consultation or more information about our services, contact us today at Industrial Roofing Services Limited.

The post Do You Need a Permit to Repair or Replace Your Flat Roof? appeared first on Industrial Roofing.

Ontario winters can be tough on flat roofs, especially with heavy snow, ice, and temperature swings that create prime conditions for leaks, cracks, and insulation issues. To help property owners and managers prepare their buildings, our flat roofers have put together a comprehensive guide with essential tips for protecting your flat roof throughout the winter.

1. Schedule Your Annual Inspection

An annual roof inspection by a qualified roofing contractor should be your first step toward winterizing. During the inspection, contractors will look for early signs of damage, such as loose seams, cracked caulking, or worn flashing, which can easily worsen under snow and ice.

We are currently offering FREE inspections for flat roofs! Schedule your service today to prepare your property for the winter.

2. Schedule Bi-Annual Maintenance Service

Flat roofs benefit from consistent maintenance to catch issues early and ensure drainage remains unobstructed. Bi-annual maintenance, ideally in both spring and fall, includes removing debris, cleaning gutters, checking for ponding water, and verifying the condition of seals and membranes. Regular maintenance is one of the most effective ways to extend the life of your roof and reduce repair costs.

Book maintenance for flat roofs with us today! Essential to maintain your warranty coverage throughout the winter.

3. Complete All Recommended Repairs Before Snow Hits

Winter conditions make repairs challenging and costly, so completing recommended repairs in the fall is critical. Cold weather and snow can mask roof hazards and complicate repairs. Tackling minor issues now, such as patching cracks or fixing drainage issues, prevents these from becoming significant problems later on when access is limited and costs increase.

Call us for professional repair services for flat roofs throughout Ontario!

4. Check Roof Insulation Efficiency

Efficient roof insulation not only protects your roof but also reduces energy costs during winter. Flat roofs are more susceptible to heat loss than sloped roofs, so proper insulation minimizes the freeze-thaw cycles that lead to leaks and ice dams. Rigid foam or spray foam insulation is highly effective for flat roofs, helping keep interior temperatures stable and reducing the risk of water penetration.

5. Include Pipe Protection to Prevent Freezing

Freezing pipes are a major risk during Ontario’s frigid winters. Insulate any water or HVAC pipes on or near the roof, ensuring they remain warm enough to prevent freezing and bursting. Pipe insulation keeps water lines flowing and minimizes the risk of structural damage from burst pipes. Consider adding pipe wraps or specialized insulation to maintain warmth and functionality.

6. Check and Clear the Surrounding Area

Trim overhanging tree limbs and remove any nearby branches that could fall and damage your roof under the weight of snow and ice. Surrounding buildings with pitched roofs could also drift snow onto your flat roof, adding unexpected weight. Taking these steps to manage the surrounding area reduces the likelihood of roof damage from external factors.

7. Prepare All Important Information

Update your insurance coverage, review your roofing warranty, and understand any maintenance requirements. Most warranties have conditions around regular upkeep, so documenting your inspections and maintenance is key to staying compliant. Have copies of insurance and warranty information readily accessible in case you need to file a claim or call for emergency repairs.

8. Prepare an Emergency Plan

An emergency plan ensures you’re prepared for unexpected winter roof issues. Compile your roofing contractor’s contact information, warranty documents, and insurance details in an easily accessible location. Educate team members about the emergency protocol so they know who to call and what steps to take if roof damage, leaks, or other issues arise during winter storms.

Common Winter Repairs For Flat Roofs & How to Avoid Them

Winter brings specific challenges to flat roofs, with common repairs often resulting from snow buildup, ice dams, and water infiltration. Here’s how to avoid the most frequent issues:

Leak Repairs: Melting snow can seep into cracks, causing leaks. Regular inspections, membrane repairs, and proactive caulking help avoid this issue.

Ponding Water Solutions: Flat roofs are prone to water pooling, especially when drains are clogged. Keeping gutters and drains clear prevents water from pooling and freezing, which can lead to membrane damage.

Seal and Caulking Replacements: UV exposure and temperature changes degrade caulking and sealants over time, leading to leaks. Replace any compromised caulking or sealants before winter to maintain a strong waterproof barrier.

Structural Damage from Snow Load: Excessive snow buildup can strain the roof structure. Engage a professional snow removal service after heavy snowfall to prevent damage, and install features like wind baffles or snow guards if needed.

By following these steps and preparing your roof proactively, you can minimize winter roof damage and maintain the integrity of your building. At Industrial Roofing Services, we specialize in flat roof maintenance, repairs, and emergency response to protect your investment all season long.

Contact us to schedule your winter inspection and maintenance services to ensure your roof is prepared for Ontario’s challenging winter weather.

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